一、WBYD-100KV交流耐壓發生器概述
YDQ系列(lie)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器是根據(ju)《試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標準(zhun)，在油浸(jin)式(shi)試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設計生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體具有(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)絕(jue)緣性(xing)(xing)能及優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滅弧性(xing)(xing)能，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度為同(tong)一(yi)(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)氮氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍，擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下(xia)與(yu)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力下(xia)是油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍，是一(yi)(yi)種優(you)于(yu)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新一(yi)(yi)代超高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣介質材(cai)料(liao)。該產(chan)品(pin)(pin)技術要求完全(quan)符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun)，它是油浸(jin)式(shi)輕(qing)型試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)換代產(chan)品(pin)(pin)。該產(chan)品(pin)(pin)具有(you)體積小(xiao)、重量輕(qing)、不受氣(qi)候變(bian)化影響、電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈小(xiao)、現(xian)場搬運無需靜止(zhi)可使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)長、免維修等(deng)特點。適用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統、工礦企業、科研(yan)部(bu)門等(deng)對(dui)各種高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)元件、絕(jue)緣材(cai)料(liao)進行(xing)工頻或(huo)直流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣強度試驗(yan)(yan)。
二、WBYD-100KV交流耐壓發生器產品結構
YDQ系列(lie)高壓試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)采(cai)用單框(kuang)芯式(shi)鐵(tie)芯結構，初級繞組(zu)繞在(zai)鐵(tie)芯上，高壓繞組(zu)在(zai)外(wai)，這種同軸(zhou)布置減少了漏(lou)磁通，因而(er)增(zeng)大了繞組(zu)間的耦合。產品的外(wai)殼為(wei)圓柱灌式(shi)容器(qi)結構，能耐(nai)受0.8MPa以上壓力。其結構見圖(tu)1：
三、WBYD-100KV交流耐壓發生器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)為(wei)(wei)單(dan)相(xiang)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)，聯(lian)結組(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)工頻(pin)220V(10kVA以上為(wei)(wei)380V)電源接入(ru) (為(wei)(wei)本公(gong)司生產的試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)配套專用(yong)設備，詳(xiang)細資料請見其具體使用(yong)說明書(shu))系(xi)列(lie)操(cao)(cao)作箱(臺)，經(jing)操(cao)(cao)作箱內自偶調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以上調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)外附)調(diao)節至(zhi)0～200V(或0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出至(zhi)YDQ試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的初級繞組(zu)，根據(ju)電磁感應原(yuan)理，在試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組(zu)可獲(huo)得(de)試(shi)驗所需的高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。
單臺YDQ系列高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工作原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系(xi)列交直(zhi)流高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)的工作(zuo)(zuo)原理圖見圖3，圖中(zhong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)套管(guan)中(zhong)裝(zhuang)有高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅堆(dui)，串(chuan)接在高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)回路中(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)半波整流，以獲得直(zhi)流高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)。當用一短路桿(gan)(gan)將高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)硅堆(dui)短接時，可獲得工頻高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)，作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)交流輸出狀態；取(qu)消(xiao)短路桿(gan)(gan)時，作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)直(zhi)流輸出狀態。
試驗變(bian)壓器(qi)高壓套管中的高壓硅堆未畫出，其(qi)原理與上圖(tu)相同(tong)。
三臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)串(chuan)級獲得(de)更高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接線原(yuan)理(li)(li)見圖4。串(chuan)級高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優越性，因為(wei)(wei)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置由幾(ji)臺(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)組成，單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)容量(liang)小(xiao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量(liang)輕，便(bian)于運輸和安裝(zhuang)。它既然(ran)可(ke)串(chuan)接成高(gao)(gao)出(chu)幾(ji)倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組合使用，又可(ke)分(fen)(fen)開成幾(ji)套單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)獨使用。整(zheng)套裝(zhuang)置投(tou)資小(xiao)，經濟實惠。圖5中，在(zai)(zai)**級和**級的(de)(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)中都有一個(ge)(ge)勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組A1、C1和A2、C2。在(zai)(zai)三臺(tai)(tai)串(chuan)級試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)基本原(yuan)理(li)(li)中，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)加(jia)在(zai)(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級繞(rao)組a1x1上，單(dan)(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是(shi)(shi)V。勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組A1、C1給**級試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級繞(rao)組供電(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)組A2、C2給第(di)三級試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初級繞(rao)組供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅱ和第(di)三級試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體分(fen)(fen)別(bie)處在(zai)(zai)對(dui)地為(wei)(wei)1V和2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位上，所(suo)以箱(xiang)體對(dui)地是(shi)(shi)絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體是(shi)(shi)接地的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這樣**級、**級、第(di)三級試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)對(dui)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額(e)定容量(liang)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓試驗變(bian)壓器做被試品的工頻(pin)耐壓試驗使用接線原理圖見圖5。
圖中：R1—限流電阻(zu) FRC—阻(zu)容分壓(ya)器 ; RF—球間隙保護(hu)電阻(zu) G—球間隙 CX—被試品
注：高壓尾必須可靠接地(di)
工頻耐壓試(shi)(shi)驗中(zhong)限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1應(ying)根據試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓器的額(e)定容量來選擇。如高壓側(ce)額(e)定輸出電(dian)(dian)流在100～300mA時，可(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓)；高壓側(ce)額(e)定輸出電(dian)(dian)流為(wei)1A以上(shang)時，可(ke)取1Ω/V(試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓)。常(chang)用水(shui)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)作為(wei)限流電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，管(guan)(guan)子長度(du)可(ke)按150kV/m考慮，管(guan)(guan)子粗細(xi)應(ying)具有足(zu)夠(gou)的熱容量(水(shui)阻(zu)(zu)液配制(zhi)方法：用蒸餾水(shui)加入適(shi)量硫酸銅配制(zhi)成各種不同(tong)的阻(zu)(zu)值)。
球間(jian)隙(xi)及保護(hu)電(dian)阻：當(dang)電(dian)壓超過球間(jian)隙(xi)整定值時(一般取(qu)試驗電(dian)壓的(de)110%~120%)，球間(jian)隙(xi)放電(dian)，對被試品起到保護(hu)作用。球間(jian)隙(xi)保護(hu)電(dian)阻可按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)壓)選(xuan)取(qu)。
在工(gong)頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗中(zhong)，低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀(yi)表(biao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不(bu)是非常(chang)準(zhun)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)，其原因是由于試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器存在著漏抗(kang)，在這個漏抗(kang)上(shang)必(bi)然(ran)存在著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)或容升(sheng)(sheng)，使(shi)試品上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)于或高(gao)(gao)于低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)上(shang)反(fan)映出來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻(pin)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗時，被試品上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)于試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所(suo)謂(wei)容升(sheng)(sheng)現象。感應耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗時，試驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)漏抗(kang)必(bi)然(ran)存在著壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)。為(wei)了準(zhun)確(que)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)被試品上(shang)所(suo)施加的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此常(chang)在高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器來(lai)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工(gong)頻耐(nai)壓試驗操作注意事項(xiang)
1）試驗人(ren)員應做好分(fen)工，明確(que)相互間(jian)聯(lian)系方(fang)法。并有專門人(ren)監護現場(chang)**及觀察(cha)試品狀態。
2）被試(shi)品(pin)應先清掃干凈，并**干燥(zao)，以免(mian)損(sun)壞被試(shi)品(pin)和(he)試(shi)驗帶來的誤差。
3）對(dui)于(yu)大(da)型試(shi)驗(yan)，一般都應(ying)先進(jin)行空升試(shi)驗(yan)。即不接試(shi)品時升壓(ya)至試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)，校對(dui)各(ge)種(zhong)表計，調整球間(jian)隙。
4）升(sheng)壓(ya)速度不能太快(kuai)，并必須防(fang)止突然(ran)加壓(ya)。例(li)如調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)不在零位(wei)時突然(ran)合閘。也不能突然(ran)切斷電源，一般應在調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)降至零位(wei)時拉閘。
5）當(dang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升至(zhi)試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)，開始計(ji)時(shi)，到1min后，迅速降壓(ya)(ya)到1/3試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)以下時(shi)，才能拉開電(dian)源。
6）在升壓或(huo)耐壓試(shi)驗(yan)過(guo)程(cheng)中，如發現下列不正(zheng)常情況時，應立(li)即(ji)降壓，切(qie)斷(duan)電源。停(ting)止試(shi)驗(yan)并查(cha)明(ming)原因：①電壓表指(zhi)針擺動很(hen)大；②發現絕緣(yuan)燒焦或(huo)冒煙(yan)；③被(bei)試(shi)品內有不正(zheng)常的(de)聲音。
7）耐壓試驗前(qian)后應測量絕緣電阻(zu)，檢查絕緣情況。
試(shi)驗變壓器在做被試(shi)品的直流耐壓或泄(xie)露(lu)試(shi)驗時(shi)接線原理圖如圖6。
注(zhu)：此試驗應先抽出短路桿“D”，圖6中所示。
圖(tu)中(zhong)：VD—高壓硅堆 R1—限流電阻(zu) C1—高壓濾波電容(rong) FRC—阻(zu)容(rong)分壓器 CX—被試品 μA—帶(dai)保護微安表
泄露試(shi)驗(yan)中限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇在額(e)定輸出電(dian)壓(ya)時，輸出端短路電(dian)流(liu)(liu)不超過高(gao)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的(de)(de)*大(da)整流(liu)(liu)。如電(dian)壓(ya)硅(gui)堆的(de)(de)*大(da)整流(liu)(liu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)裝置(zhi)中，限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)阻(zu)還應具(ju)有足夠的(de)(de)容量和沿面放(fang)電(dian)距(ju)離。
高壓(ya)濾波電容C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當(dang)被試(shi)品(pin)的電容量(liang)很大時，C1可省略不用。
泄露試(shi)驗的操作(zuo)及注意事(shi)項
1）試驗前應先(xian)檢查被試品(pin)是否(fou)(fou)停電，接地放(fang)電，一切對外連線是否(fou)(fou)擦干(gan)凈。要嚴防將試驗電壓加(jia)到有(you)人(ren)工作(zuo)的部(bu)位上去。
2）接好(hao)試(shi)(shi)驗裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)接線(xian)后，應復查(cha)無(wu)誤后才(cai)可(ke)加壓。應特別注意檢查(cha)高壓設備及(ji)引線(xian)與(yu)地(di)、與(yu)操作人員(yuan)的(de)**距離，被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品的(de)外(wai)殼是否(fou)可(ke)靠接地(di)，要按**規程(cheng)中所規定的(de)內容進行試(shi)(shi)驗。
3）對于大(da)電(dian)容量設備應緩慢升壓，防止被試品的(de)充電(dian)電(dian)流燒壞微(wei)安表(biao)。必要時(shi)應分級加壓，分別讀取各級電(dian)壓下(xia)微(wei)安表(biao)的(de)穩定讀數。
4）試(shi)驗(yan)過程(cheng)中，應(ying)密切監視被試(shi)品(pin)、試(shi)驗(yan)裝置、微安(an)表，一旦發生(sheng)擊穿(chuan)、閃(shan)爍等(deng)異常(chang)現(xian)象應(ying)立即降壓，切斷電源，并查(cha)明原因，詳細(xi)記錄。
5）試驗完畢，降壓，切斷(duan)電源后應將被試品及試驗裝(zhuang)置本(ben)身充分放(fang)電。
四、WBYD-100KV交流耐壓發生器注意事項
1、按照您所進(jin)行的(de)試(shi)驗接好工(gong)作線路。試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)的(de)外殼(ke)以(yi)及操作系統(tong)的(de)外殼(ke)必須可靠接地(di)。試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)高(gao)壓繞(rao)組的(de)X端(duan)(duan)(高(gao)壓尾)以(yi)及測量繞(rao)組的(de)F端(duan)(duan)必須可靠接地(di)。
2、做串級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)，**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器的(de)(de)(de)低壓繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)X端，測量繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)F端以及高(gao)壓繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)X端(高(gao)壓尾)均接本級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)殼。**級(ji)、第三級(ji)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓器的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)殼必(bi)須通過絕緣支架(jia)接地。
3、接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)電源前，操(cao)作系統(tong)的調(diao)壓器必(bi)須調(diao)到(dao)零位后方可接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)電源，合閘，開(kai)始升壓。
4、從零開始(shi)均(jun)勻旋轉調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)法有：快速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法，即(ji)(ji)20s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法；慢速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法，即(ji)(ji)60s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法；極(ji)慢速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法供(gong)選用。電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開始(shi)按一(yi)定的(de)(de)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)式和速度上升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)額定試(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)75%后，在以(yi)每秒2%額定試(shi)驗電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)速度升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)額定電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并密切注意測(ce)量(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)指示以(yi)及被(bei)試(shi)品的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中或試(shi)驗過程中如發現測(ce)量(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)指示及被(bei)試(shi)品情(qing)況(kuang)異常，應(ying)立即(ji)(ji)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷(duan)電源，查明情(qing)況(kuang)。
5、試(shi)驗完畢后，應在數秒內勻速的將調(diao)壓(ya)器返回至零(ling)位，然后切(qie)斷電(dian)源(yuan)。
6、本產品不得超過額定參(can)數使用。除(chu)試驗必須(xu)外，決不允許全電(dian)壓通電(dian)或斷電(dian)。
7、再升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)過程中，如發現以下不正常情況時，應立即降壓(ya)，切斷(duan)電源，停(ting)止試驗(yan)并查(cha)明原因。
⑴電壓表指針擺動(或數字跳(tiao)動)很大
⑵電流表直線上(shang)升
被試品內有不正常的聲音
8、圖1中(zhong)第9項系(xi)壓(ya)(ya)力閥(fa)及(ji)壓(ya)(ya)力表，為(wei)長期(qi)關(guan)閉狀態。每(mei)6個月開閥(fa)一次，以(yi)(yi)檢查SF6壓(ya)(ya)力，應(ying)不小于0.2MPa(檢查壓(ya)(ya)力后立即關(guan)閉閥(fa)門)，低(di)于0.2MPa時(shi)應(ying)加(jia)SF6氣(qi)體，以(yi)(yi)增(zeng)加(jia)氣(qi)絕緣。
9、耐壓實驗前(qian)后應測量被試設備的絕緣電阻，檢查絕緣情況。
10、當試驗變壓器長期不(bu)使用時，應(ying)放置于通風(feng)、干燥(zao)、無陽光直射(she)的地方。
11、該產品不允許在高(gao)于45℃的溫度下長期(qi)存放、使用、放氣。
12、運輸搬(ban)運途中不得重力(li)沖擊。
13、產品緊固件及壓力(li)閥、壓力(li)表不得擅自(zi)松動。
14、使用本產品做高(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時，出(chu)熟悉本說明書外(wai)，還(huan)必須嚴格執(zhi)行國家有關標準(zhun)和操作規程(cheng)。可參照GB311-83《高(gao)壓輸變(bian)設備的絕緣(yuan)配(pei)合，高(gao)壓試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)技術》；《電(dian)氣設備預(yu)防性(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)規程(cheng)》等。
五、WBYD-100KV交流耐壓發生器容量選擇
標稱試驗(yan)變壓器容量Pn的確定公(gong)式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式(shi)中(zhong)：
Pn——標稱試驗變(bian)壓器容量(liang)(kVA)
Vn——試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器的額定輸(shu)出高(gao)壓(ya)的有(you)效值(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱(cheng)電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱(cheng)電(dian)壓較低時，k值可取高一些。
Ct——被(bei)試品(pin)的電(dian)容(rong)量(pF)
ω——角(jiao)頻率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻率(lv)
被試(shi)設(she)備的電容量Ct可(ke)由交流(liu)電橋(qiao)測(ce)出。Ct的變化很(hen)大，
可由設備的類型而(er)定(ding)。
典型數據如下：
簡單的棒式(shi)或(huo)懸式(shi)絕緣子 幾(ji)十微法
簡(jian)單的分級(ji)套管 100～1000pF
電壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變(bian)壓(ya)器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力電纜和油(you)浸紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣體(ti)絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于(yu)不同的(de)試驗(yan)電壓Vn，選擇不同的(de)(適當的(de))**系數(shu)k。
以下列出不同(tong)的Vn所選(xuan)用(yong)的k值供參考(kao)。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2