一、WBYD-100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器概述
YDQ系(xi)(xi)列高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器是(shi)根據《試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器》標準，在油(you)(you)浸式試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上而設計生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)體具(ju)有良好的(de)(de)電氣(qi)絕(jue)(jue)緣性(xing)能(neng)及優異(yi)的(de)(de)滅弧(hu)性(xing)能(neng)，其耐壓(ya)強度為同一(yi)壓(ya)力(li)(li)下氮(dan)氣(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍，擊穿電壓(ya)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)2.5倍。在0.25MPa下與(yu)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)擊穿電壓(ya)相等(deng)，在0.45MPa壓(ya)力(li)(li)下是(shi)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)擊穿電壓(ya)的(de)(de)2倍，是(shi)一(yi)種優于油(you)(you)的(de)(de)新(xin)一(yi)代超高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)絕(jue)(jue)緣介質(zhi)材料。該(gai)產(chan)品(pin)技術(shu)要(yao)求(qiu)完(wan)全符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它(ta)是(shi)油(you)(you)浸式輕型試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)換代產(chan)品(pin)。該(gai)產(chan)品(pin)具(ju)有體積小、重量輕、不受氣(qi)候變(bian)(bian)(bian)化影響、電暈(yun)小、現場(chang)搬運無需靜(jing)止可使(shi)用(yong)，使(shi)用(yong)壽命長、免維(wei)修等(deng)特(te)點。適用(yong)于電力(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)統、工礦企業、科研(yan)部門(men)等(deng)對各種高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)電氣(qi)設備(bei)、電氣(qi)元(yuan)件、絕(jue)(jue)緣材料進行工頻或(huo)直流(liu)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)下的(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣強度試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。
二、WBYD-100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器產品結構
YDQ系(xi)列高壓試驗(yan)變壓器采用單框(kuang)芯(xin)(xin)式鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)結(jie)構，初級(ji)繞(rao)組繞(rao)在鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)上(shang)，高壓繞(rao)組在外，這種(zhong)同軸布置減少(shao)了漏磁(ci)通，因而增(zeng)大了繞(rao)組間(jian)的耦合。產品的外殼為(wei)圓柱(zhu)灌式容器結(jie)構，能耐受0.8MPa以上(shang)壓力。其結(jie)構見圖1：
三、WBYD-100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器工作原理
YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器為單相(xiang)變壓(ya)(ya)器，聯結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工(gong)頻220V(10kVA以上為380V)電源(yuan)接入 (為本公(gong)司(si)生(sheng)產的(de)試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器配套(tao)專用設備，詳細(xi)資料請見其具體使用說(shuo)明書)系(xi)列操作箱(臺)，經操作箱內自偶調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器(50kVA以上調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器外附(fu))調(diao)節至0～200V(或(huo)0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)輸出至YDQ試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)初級繞組，根據(ju)電磁(ci)感應原理，在試驗(yan)(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞組可獲得試驗(yan)(yan)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)。
單臺(tai)YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器的工作原理圖見(jian)圖2。
單(dan)臺(tai)YDQ系列交直流(liu)(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器的工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)理圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)3，圖(tu)中(zhong)高(gao)壓(ya)套(tao)管(guan)中(zhong)裝有高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆，串接(jie)在高(gao)壓(ya)回(hui)路中(zhong)作(zuo)半波(bo)整流(liu)(liu)，以獲得直流(liu)(liu)高(gao)電壓(ya)。當用一短(duan)路桿(gan)(gan)將高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆短(duan)接(jie)時(shi)，可(ke)獲得工(gong)頻高(gao)電壓(ya)，作(zuo)為交流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)狀態；取消(xiao)短(duan)路桿(gan)(gan)時(shi)，作(zuo)為直流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)狀態。
試驗變壓器高壓套管(guan)中的高壓硅堆未畫(hua)出(chu)，其原理(li)與(yu)上圖相同。
三(san)(san)(san)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串級(ji)(ji)獲得更高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)接線原理見圖4。串級(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)越(yue)性，因為(wei)(wei)整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)由幾臺(tai)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)(zu)成，單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容(rong)量小、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量輕，便于運輸和(he)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。它既(ji)然可(ke)串接成高(gao)出幾倍的(de)(de)(de)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)合使用(yong)，又(you)可(ke)分開成幾套單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單獨使用(yong)。整套裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)投(tou)資小，經濟實惠(hui)。圖5中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)**級(ji)(ji)和(he)**級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每(mei)個單元(yuan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)都有(you)一個勵磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在(zai)三(san)(san)(san)臺(tai)串級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基(ji)本原理中(zhong)(zhong)，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源加在(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)a1x1上(shang)(shang)，單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A1、C1給**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵磁(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第三(san)(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第三(san)(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱體(ti)分別(bie)處在(zai)對(dui)地(di)為(wei)(wei)1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)上(shang)(shang)，所以(yi)箱體(ti)對(dui)地(di)是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)箱體(ti)是接地(di)的(de)(de)(de)。這樣**級(ji)(ji)、**級(ji)(ji)、第三(san)(san)(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)額(e)定輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別(bie)為(wei)(wei)1V、2V、3V；其額(e)定容(rong)量分別(bie)為(wei)(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓試(shi)(shi)驗變(bian)壓器做被(bei)試(shi)(shi)品(pin)的(de)工(gong)頻耐壓試(shi)(shi)驗使用(yong)接線原理圖見圖5。
圖中：R1—限流電(dian)阻 FRC—阻容分壓器 RF—球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi)保(bao)護電(dian)阻 G—球(qiu)間(jian)隙(xi) ; CX—被試品
注(zhu)：高壓尾必須可靠接地
工頻耐(nai)壓試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中限流電(dian)阻(zu)R1應根(gen)據試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變壓器的額定(ding)容(rong)量(liang)來(lai)選擇。如高壓側(ce)額定(ding)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)流在100～300mA時，可(ke)取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓)；高壓側(ce)額定(ding)輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)流為(wei)1A以上時，可(ke)取(qu)1Ω/V(試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)電(dian)壓)。常用(yong)水電(dian)阻(zu)作為(wei)限流電(dian)阻(zu)，管子長(chang)度可(ke)按150kV/m考(kao)慮，管子粗細(xi)應具有足(zu)夠的熱容(rong)量(liang)(水阻(zu)液配制方法：用(yong)蒸餾水加入適量(liang)硫酸銅配制成各(ge)種(zhong)不同的阻(zu)值)。
球間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)及保護(hu)電(dian)阻(zu)：當電(dian)壓超過球間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)整(zheng)定值時(一般取試驗電(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)放電(dian)，對(dui)被試品(pin)起到保護(hu)作用。球間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)保護(hu)電(dian)阻(zu)可按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)壓)選取。
在(zai)工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)中，低電壓(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量電壓(ya)(ya)(儀表電壓(ya)(ya))不(bu)是非常準確的，其原因(yin)(yin)是由(you)于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器存(cun)(cun)在(zai)著漏(lou)(lou)抗，在(zai)這個漏(lou)(lou)抗上(shang)(shang)必然存(cun)(cun)在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)或(huo)容(rong)升，使(shi)試(shi)品上(shang)(shang)的電壓(ya)(ya)低于(yu)或(huo)高于(yu)低壓(ya)(ya)側測(ce)量電壓(ya)(ya)表上(shang)(shang)反映(ying)出來(lai)的電壓(ya)(ya)。工頻(pin)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，被試(shi)品上(shang)(shang)的電壓(ya)(ya)高于(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的輸出電壓(ya)(ya)，也就(jiu)是所謂容(rong)升現象(xiang)。感應(ying)耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)時，試(shi)驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的漏(lou)(lou)抗必然存(cun)(cun)在(zai)著壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)。為(wei)了準確測(ce)量被試(shi)品上(shang)(shang)所施(shi)加的電壓(ya)(ya)，因(yin)(yin)此常在(zai)高壓(ya)(ya)側接入FRC阻容(rong)分壓(ya)(ya)器來(lai)測(ce)量電壓(ya)(ya)(見圖5)。
工頻耐(nai)壓試驗操作注意事(shi)項
1）試驗(yan)人員應做(zuo)好分工，明確相(xiang)互間聯(lian)系(xi)方(fang)法。并(bing)有專(zhuan)門人監護現場**及觀察試品狀態。
2）被試品應先清掃干凈，并**干燥，以免損(sun)壞被試品和試驗帶來(lai)的誤差。
3）對(dui)于大型試(shi)(shi)驗，一般都應先(xian)進行空升試(shi)(shi)驗。即不接試(shi)(shi)品時升壓至試(shi)(shi)驗電壓，校對(dui)各(ge)種(zhong)表計，調整球間隙(xi)。
4）升(sheng)壓速度不(bu)能(neng)太快，并必須防止突(tu)然加壓。例如調壓器不(bu)在零位(wei)時(shi)突(tu)然合閘(zha)。也(ye)不(bu)能(neng)突(tu)然切斷(duan)電源(yuan)，一般應在調壓器降至(zhi)零位(wei)時(shi)拉閘(zha)。
5）當電(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)至試驗電(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，開(kai)始計時(shi)，到(dao)1min后，迅速(su)降壓(ya)到(dao)1/3試驗電(dian)壓(ya)以(yi)下時(shi)，才能拉開(kai)電(dian)源。
6）在升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)過程中，如(ru)發現下(xia)列不(bu)正(zheng)常情況時，應立即(ji)降壓(ya)，切斷電(dian)源。停止試驗(yan)并查明原因：①電(dian)壓(ya)表(biao)指針(zhen)擺動(dong)很大；②發現絕緣燒焦或冒煙；③被(bei)試品內有不(bu)正(zheng)常的聲(sheng)音。
7）耐壓試驗前后應測量絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電阻，檢(jian)查絕緣(yuan)(yuan)情況(kuang)。
試(shi)驗變壓器在做被試(shi)品(pin)的直流耐壓或(huo)泄露(lu)試(shi)驗時接線原理圖如(ru)圖6。
注：此(ci)試(shi)驗應先抽出短(duan)路桿“D”，圖6中所示。
圖(tu)中(zhong)：VD—高壓(ya)硅堆 R1—限流電(dian)阻 C1—高壓(ya)濾波電(dian)容 FRC—阻容分壓(ya)器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保(bao)護微(wei)安表
泄露試驗(yan)中(zhong)限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1選擇在額定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓時，輸(shu)出端短(duan)路電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不超過高壓硅堆的*大整流(liu)(liu)。如電(dian)(dian)壓硅堆的*大整流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的試驗(yan)裝置中(zhong)，限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限(xian)(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)還應具有足夠的容量(liang)和沿(yan)面放電(dian)(dian)距離。
高(gao)壓濾波電容(rong)C1一(yi)般選(xuan)擇在(zai)0.01~0.1μF，當被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)的電容(rong)量(liang)很大時，C1可省略不用。
泄露試驗的操作(zuo)及注意(yi)事項
1）試(shi)驗(yan)前應先檢查被試(shi)品是否(fou)停電(dian)(dian)，接地(di)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，一(yi)切對(dui)外連線(xian)是否(fou)擦干凈。要嚴防將試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)壓加到有人工作的(de)部(bu)位(wei)上去。
2）接(jie)好試驗裝置(zhi)的(de)接(jie)線后(hou)，應(ying)復查無誤(wu)后(hou)才可加壓。應(ying)特別(bie)注意檢查高(gao)壓設備及(ji)引(yin)線與地、與操作人員的(de)**距離，被試品的(de)外殼(ke)是否可靠接(jie)地，要(yao)按(an)**規程中所規定的(de)內容進行試驗。
3）對(dui)于大電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量設備應緩慢升壓，防止被(bei)試品的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)燒(shao)壞微安表(biao)。必(bi)要時(shi)應分(fen)級(ji)加壓，分(fen)別讀取各(ge)級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下微安表(biao)的穩定讀數。
4）試驗(yan)(yan)過程中(zhong)，應密切(qie)監視(shi)被試品、試驗(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置、微安表，一旦(dan)發生(sheng)擊(ji)穿、閃爍等(deng)異常現象(xiang)應立即降壓，切(qie)斷(duan)電源，并查明原(yuan)因(yin)，詳細(xi)記錄。
5）試驗完畢，降壓，切斷電(dian)源后(hou)應將被試品及試驗裝置本身充分放電(dian)。
四、WBYD-100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器注意事項
1、按照您所進行的(de)試驗接(jie)好工作線路(lu)。試驗變壓(ya)器的(de)外殼以及(ji)操(cao)作系(xi)統的(de)外殼必須(xu)可(ke)(ke)靠接(jie)地。試驗變壓(ya)器高壓(ya)繞(rao)組的(de)X端(高壓(ya)尾(wei))以及(ji)測量繞(rao)組的(de)F端必須(xu)可(ke)(ke)靠接(jie)地。
2、做串級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)時，**級(ji)(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)的(de)X端(duan)，測量繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)的(de)F端(duan)以及高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繞(rao)(rao)組(zu)的(de)X端(duan)(高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)尾)均接本級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)外(wai)殼。**級(ji)(ji)、第(di)三級(ji)(ji)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)外(wai)殼必須通(tong)過絕緣(yuan)支(zhi)架接地。
3、接通電源前，操作系(xi)統的(de)調壓器(qi)必須調到零位后方可接通電源，合閘，開(kai)始升壓。
4、從零開始(shi)均勻旋轉調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器手(shou)輪升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方法(fa)有(you)：快速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)20s逐(zhu)級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)，即(ji)60s逐(zhu)級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)；極慢速(su)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)法(fa)供選(xuan)用。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開始(shi)按(an)一定(ding)的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)方式和速(su)度上升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需的(de)額(e)定(ding)試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后，在以每秒(miao)2%額(e)定(ding)試驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)速(su)度升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到您所需的(de)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，并(bing)密切注意(yi)測(ce)量儀(yi)表的(de)指示(shi)以及被試品的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)。升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過程(cheng)(cheng)中或試驗過程(cheng)(cheng)中如發現測(ce)量儀(yi)表的(de)指示(shi)及被試品情(qing)況(kuang)異常，應立(li)即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)源，查明情(qing)況(kuang)。
5、試(shi)驗(yan)完(wan)畢后，應在數秒內勻速的將(jiang)調壓器返回至(zhi)零位，然后切斷電源。
6、本產(chan)品不得超過額定參數(shu)使用(yong)。除(chu)試驗必須(xu)外，決不允許全電壓通電或斷電。
7、再(zai)升(sheng)壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗過程中，如發(fa)現(xian)以(yi)下不正常情況(kuang)時(shi)，應立(li)即降壓(ya)，切斷(duan)電源，停止試(shi)驗并查明(ming)原因。
⑴電(dian)壓(ya)表指(zhi)針(zhen)擺動(或數字跳動)很大
⑵電(dian)流(liu)表直線上升
被試品(pin)內有不正(zheng)常的(de)聲(sheng)音
8、圖(tu)1中第9項系壓(ya)力閥及壓(ya)力表，為長期關閉狀態。每(mei)6個月開閥一次，以檢(jian)查SF6壓(ya)力，應(ying)不小于0.2MPa(檢(jian)查壓(ya)力后(hou)立即關閉閥門)，低于0.2MPa時應(ying)加SF6氣(qi)體，以增(zeng)加氣(qi)絕緣。
9、耐壓(ya)實驗(yan)前后應(ying)測量被(bei)試設備(bei)的絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻，檢查絕(jue)緣(yuan)情況。
10、當試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)長期不使用(yong)時，應放置于通風(feng)、干燥、無陽光直射的地方。
11、該(gai)產(chan)品不允許在高(gao)于(yu)45℃的溫度下長期存放、使用、放氣。
12、運輸搬運途中不得重力沖擊。
13、產品緊(jin)固(gu)件及壓力(li)(li)閥、壓力(li)(li)表不得擅自(zi)松動。
14、使用本產(chan)品做高壓(ya)試驗(yan)時(shi)，出熟(shu)悉本說明書外(wai)，還必須嚴(yan)格執(zhi)行國(guo)家有關標準和(he)操(cao)作規程。可參照GB311-83《高壓(ya)輸(shu)變設備(bei)的絕緣配合，高壓(ya)試驗(yan)技術》；《電(dian)氣設備(bei)預(yu)防性試驗(yan)規程》等。
五、WBYD-100KV交流耐壓試驗變壓器容量選擇
標稱(cheng)試驗變(bian)壓器容量Pn的確定(ding)公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式(shi)中(zhong)：
Pn——標稱試驗變壓(ya)器容量(liang)(kVA)
Vn——試驗變(bian)壓器的額(e)定輸出高壓的有效值(kV)
k ——**系數(shu)。k≥1，標(biao)稱電壓(ya)Vn≥1MV時(shi)，k=2；標(biao)稱電壓(ya)較低時(shi)，k值(zhi)可取(qu)高一些。
Ct——被試品的電(dian)容量(pF)
ω——角頻率(lv)，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻率(lv)
被試設備的電容量Ct可由交流(liu)電橋測出。Ct的變化很大，
可(ke)由設備(bei)的類型而定(ding)。
典型數據如下：
簡單(dan)的(de)棒式(shi)或懸式(shi)絕緣(yuan)子 幾十(shi)微法
簡單(dan)的分級套管 100～1000pF
電(dian)壓互感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力(li)變(bian)壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA 1000～10000pF
高壓電力電纜和(he)油浸紙絕緣 ; 250～300pF/m
氣體絕(jue)緣 ; ～60pF/m
封閉變電站，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對(dui)于不同(tong)的試(shi)驗電(dian)壓Vn，選擇不同(tong)的(適當的)**系數k。
以下列(lie)出不同的Vn所選用(yong)的k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV ; k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2