一、WBYD-100KV交流耐壓變壓器概述
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器是(shi)根(gen)據《試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器》標準(zhun)(zhun)，在油(you)(you)浸(jin)式試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)基礎上而設計生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)。SF6氣(qi)(qi)體具(ju)有良好的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)性能(neng)(neng)及優異的(de)(de)(de)滅(mie)弧(hu)性能(neng)(neng)，其耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強度(du)為同一(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)(bei)，擊穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)2.5倍(bei)(bei)。在0.25MPa下(xia)與油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相(xiang)等，在0.45MPa壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)下(xia)是(shi)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)擊穿電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)(bei)，是(shi)一(yi)種優于(yu)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)一(yi)代超高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)介質材(cai)料。該產(chan)(chan)品技術要求完全符(fu)合《ZBK-41006-89》標準(zhun)(zhun)，它是(shi)油(you)(you)浸(jin)式輕型試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)換代產(chan)(chan)品。該產(chan)(chan)品具(ju)有體積小(xiao)、重量輕、不受(shou)氣(qi)(qi)候變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)影(ying)響(xiang)、電(dian)(dian)暈小(xiao)、現場搬運無需靜止可使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命長、免維修等特點。適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統、工(gong)(gong)礦(kuang)企業、科研部門等對各種高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設備、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)元件、絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料進行(xing)工(gong)(gong)頻或(huo)直流高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)強度(du)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。
二、WBYD-100KV交流耐壓變壓器產品結構
YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)采用單框芯式(shi)鐵(tie)芯結(jie)構，初級繞(rao)組繞(rao)在鐵(tie)芯上，高(gao)壓(ya)繞(rao)組在外(wai)，這種同軸布置減少了漏磁通(tong)，因而(er)增大了繞(rao)組間的耦合(he)。產(chan)品的外(wai)殼為(wei)圓柱(zhu)灌式(shi)容器(qi)結(jie)構，能耐受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力(li)。其結(jie)構見圖1：
三、WBYD-100KV交流耐壓變壓器工作原理
YDQ系列(lie)高壓(ya)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)為(wei)單(dan)相(xiang)變壓(ya)器(qi)，聯結(jie)組(zu)(zu)標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用(yong)(yong)工頻220V(10kVA以上為(wei)380V)電(dian)源接(jie)入(ru) (為(wei)本(ben)公司(si)生產的(de)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)配套專用(yong)(yong)設備，詳細資料請(qing)見其(qi)具體使用(yong)(yong)說明書)系列(lie)操作箱(臺)，經操作箱內自偶調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)(50kVA以上調(diao)壓(ya)器(qi)外附)調(diao)節至(zhi)(zhi)0～200V(或0～400V)電(dian)壓(ya)輸出至(zhi)(zhi)YDQ試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)初級(ji)繞組(zu)(zu)，根據電(dian)磁感應原理，在(zai)試驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)繞組(zu)(zu)可獲得試驗(yan)所需的(de)高電(dian)壓(ya)。
單臺YDQ系(xi)列(lie)高壓(ya)試驗變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)工(gong)作原理圖見圖2。
單臺YDQ系(xi)列(lie)交(jiao)直流(liu)(liu)高(gao)壓(ya)試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)的工(gong)作原理圖(tu)(tu)見圖(tu)(tu)3，圖(tu)(tu)中高(gao)壓(ya)套管(guan)中裝有(you)高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆，串(chuan)接在高(gao)壓(ya)回路中作半波整流(liu)(liu)，以獲得直流(liu)(liu)高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)。當用一短路桿將(jiang)高(gao)壓(ya)硅堆短接時，可獲得工(gong)頻高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)，作為交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)輸出狀(zhuang)態(tai)；取(qu)消短路桿時，作為直流(liu)(liu)輸出狀(zhuang)態(tai)。
試驗變壓器高壓套管(guan)中(zhong)的高壓硅堆未(wei)畫出，其原理與上圖相同(tong)。
三(san)(san)臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)串(chuan)級(ji)獲得更高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)線(xian)原理見圖4。串(chuan)級(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優越性，因為(wei)整個(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置由幾(ji)臺(tai)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組(zu)成(cheng)，單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)容量(liang)小(xiao)、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低、重量(liang)輕，便于運(yun)輸和安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。它既(ji)然(ran)可(ke)串(chuan)接(jie)成(cheng)高(gao)出(chu)幾(ji)倍(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)組(zu)合使用(yong)，又可(ke)分開成(cheng)幾(ji)套(tao)單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)單獨使用(yong)。整套(tao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置投資小(xiao)，經(jing)濟實惠。圖5中(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)**級(ji)和**級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每個(ge)單元(yuan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)都有一個(ge)勵(li)磁繞(rao)組(zu)A1、C1和A2、C2。在(zai)(zai)(zai)三(san)(san)臺(tai)串(chuan)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)基本原理中(zhong)，低壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源加在(zai)(zai)(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)a1x1上，單臺(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)磁繞(rao)組(zu)A1、C1給(gei)**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)；**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁繞(rao)組(zu)A2、C2給(gei)第三(san)(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)級(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)供電(dian)(dian)。**級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅱ和第三(san)(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體分別處在(zai)(zai)(zai)對地為(wei)1V和2V的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)位上，所以箱(xiang)體對地是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)體是接(jie)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)樣**級(ji)、**級(ji)、第三(san)(san)級(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)對地的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)分別為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其(qi)額(e)定(ding)(ding)容量(liang)分別為(wei)3P、2P、1P。
YDQ系列高壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)器(qi)做(zuo)被試(shi)品的工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗(yan)使(shi)用接線原理圖見圖5。
圖中：R1—限流電阻 FRC—阻容分(fen)壓器 RF—球(qiu)間隙(xi)保護電阻 G—球(qiu)間隙(xi) CX—被試(shi)品
注：高壓尾必須可靠接(jie)地
工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗中限(xian)流電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)R1應根據試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的額定(ding)容量(liang)來選擇(ze)。如高壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)流在(zai)100～300mA時，可取(qu)0.5～1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))；高壓(ya)(ya)側(ce)額定(ding)輸(shu)出電(dian)流為(wei)1A以上時，可取(qu)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗電(dian)壓(ya)(ya))。常用(yong)水電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)作(zuo)為(wei)限(xian)流電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，管(guan)子長度可按150kV/m考慮，管(guan)子粗細應具有足夠的熱容量(liang)(水阻(zu)(zu)液配(pei)(pei)制方法(fa)：用(yong)蒸(zheng)餾水加入適量(liang)硫酸銅配(pei)(pei)制成各種不同(tong)的阻(zu)(zu)值)。
球(qiu)間隙及保護電(dian)阻(zu)：當電(dian)壓超過球(qiu)間隙整定值(zhi)時(一般取試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓的110%~120%)，球(qiu)間隙放電(dian)，對(dui)被試(shi)品起到保護作用。球(qiu)間隙保護電(dian)阻(zu)可(ke)按(an)1Ω/V(試(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)壓)選(xuan)取。
在(zai)工(gong)頻(pin)耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不是非(fei)常準(zhun)(zhun)確的(de)，其原因(yin)是由(you)于試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)漏(lou)抗(kang)，在(zai)這個漏(lou)抗(kang)上必(bi)然(ran)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降或(huo)容升，使(shi)試品(pin)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于或(huo)高(gao)于低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上反映(ying)出(chu)來的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻(pin)耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)，被試品(pin)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所謂(wei)容升現象。感應(ying)耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)，試驗(yan)(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)漏(lou)抗(kang)必(bi)然(ran)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降。為(wei)了(le)準(zhun)(zhun)確測(ce)(ce)量(liang)被試品(pin)上所施加的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因(yin)此(ci)常在(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入(ru)FRC阻(zu)容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來測(ce)(ce)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖(tu)5)。
工頻耐壓試驗操作注意事項
1）試驗人員應做好分工，明確相互間聯系方法。并有(you)專門人監護現場**及(ji)觀(guan)察試品狀(zhuang)態。
2）被試品(pin)應先清掃干(gan)凈，并**干(gan)燥，以免損壞被試品(pin)和試驗帶來的誤差。
3）對于大型試驗，一(yi)般(ban)都應先(xian)進(jin)行(xing)空升試驗。即(ji)不接(jie)試品(pin)時(shi)升壓(ya)至試驗電壓(ya)，校(xiao)對各種表計，調整球間(jian)隙。
4）升壓(ya)速度不能太(tai)快，并必須防止(zhi)突然(ran)加壓(ya)。例如調壓(ya)器不在(zai)零位時突然(ran)合(he)閘。也(ye)不能突然(ran)切斷電源，一般應在(zai)調壓(ya)器降至(zhi)零位時拉閘。
5）當電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升至試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)，開(kai)始計時(shi)，到(dao)1min后，迅速降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)到(dao)1/3試驗(yan)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)以下時(shi)，才能拉(la)開(kai)電(dian)源。
6）在升壓(ya)(ya)(ya)或耐(nai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗過程中，如發現下列不正常情(qing)況時，應(ying)立即降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電源。停止試(shi)驗并查明原因：①電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)表(biao)指針(zhen)擺動很(hen)大；②發現絕緣燒焦或冒煙；③被試(shi)品內有不正常的(de)聲音。
7）耐(nai)壓試(shi)驗(yan)前后(hou)應測量(liang)絕緣電阻，檢查絕緣情況(kuang)。
試驗(yan)變壓器在做(zuo)被試品的直(zhi)流耐壓或泄露試驗(yan)時(shi)接線原理圖如圖6。
注：此試(shi)驗應先(xian)抽(chou)出短路桿“D”，圖6中所示。
圖中(zhong)：VD—高(gao)壓硅堆 R1—限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu) C1—高(gao)壓濾波電(dian)(dian)容 ; FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器 CX—被試品 μA—帶保護(hu)微安(an)表
泄露試驗中限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)R1選(xuan)(xuan)擇在(zai)額定輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，輸出端短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不超過高壓(ya)硅堆的(de)*大(da)整流(liu)。如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)硅堆的(de)*大(da)整流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為100mA時(shi)用(yong)于60kV的(de)試驗裝置(zhi)中，限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選(xuan)(xuan)擇。限(xian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)還應具有足夠的(de)容量(liang)和沿面放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)距離。
高壓濾波電容(rong)C1一(yi)般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被試品的電容(rong)量很大(da)時(shi)，C1可省略(lve)不(bu)用(yong)。
泄露試驗的操作及注(zhu)意事項
1）試(shi)驗前(qian)應先檢查被試(shi)品是否停電(dian)，接地(di)放電(dian)，一切對外連線是否擦干凈。要(yao)嚴防將試(shi)驗電(dian)壓加到有人工作的部位上(shang)去。
2）接(jie)好試(shi)驗裝置的接(jie)線后(hou)，應(ying)復(fu)查無誤后(hou)才可(ke)加(jia)壓。應(ying)特別注意檢查高壓設備及引線與地、與操作人員的**距離，被試(shi)品的外殼是(shi)否可(ke)靠接(jie)地，要按**規程中(zhong)所規定的內容(rong)進行試(shi)驗。
3）對于大(da)電容量設備應緩慢升壓，防止(zhi)被(bei)試品的充電電流(liu)燒壞微(wei)(wei)安表(biao)。必要(yao)時應分(fen)級加壓，分(fen)別讀取各級電壓下(xia)微(wei)(wei)安表(biao)的穩(wen)定讀數。
4）試驗過程(cheng)中，應密切監視被試品、試驗裝置、微安表(biao)，一旦發生(sheng)擊穿、閃爍等異常(chang)現象應立即降(jiang)壓(ya)，切斷電源，并查明原因，詳細記錄。
5）試(shi)驗(yan)完(wan)畢，降壓(ya)，切斷電源(yuan)后應將被(bei)試(shi)品(pin)及試(shi)驗(yan)裝置本身充(chong)分放電。
四、WBYD-100KV交流耐壓變壓器注意事項
1、按照您所(suo)進行的試驗接好工作線路。試驗變壓器(qi)的外殼(ke)以(yi)及操作系(xi)統的外殼(ke)必須可靠接地。試驗變壓器(qi)高壓繞組(zu)的X端(duan)(高壓尾(wei))以(yi)及測(ce)量繞組(zu)的F端(duan)必須可靠接地。
2、做串(chuan)級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗時(shi)，**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組的(de)X端，測量繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組的(de)F端以及(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組的(de)X端(高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)尾(wei))均接(jie)本級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)外殼。**級(ji)(ji)(ji)、第三級(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)外殼必須通過(guo)絕緣支架(jia)接(jie)地(di)。
3、接(jie)通電源前，操作系(xi)統(tong)的調壓(ya)(ya)器必須調到(dao)零(ling)位后方可接(jie)通電源，合閘，開始升壓(ya)(ya)。
4、從零開(kai)始(shi)均(jun)勻旋轉調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器手輪升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)法有：快速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法，即(ji)20s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法；慢(man)速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法，即(ji)60s逐級(ji)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法；極慢(man)速升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)法供(gong)選用。電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從零開(kai)始(shi)按一定的(de)升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)方(fang)式(shi)和速度(du)上(shang)升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需(xu)的(de)額(e)定試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)75%后，在以(yi)(yi)每秒2%額(e)定試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)速度(du)升(sheng)(sheng)到(dao)您所需(xu)的(de)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，并(bing)密(mi)切注意測量儀表(biao)的(de)指(zhi)示(shi)以(yi)(yi)及被試(shi)(shi)品的(de)情(qing)況。升(sheng)(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過程中或試(shi)(shi)驗過程中如發現測量儀表(biao)的(de)指(zhi)示(shi)及被試(shi)(shi)品情(qing)況異(yi)常(chang)，應(ying)立即(ji)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，切斷電(dian)(dian)源，查明(ming)情(qing)況。
5、試驗完(wan)畢后，應(ying)在數秒內勻速的將(jiang)調壓器(qi)返回至(zhi)零位，然(ran)后切斷電源。
6、本產品(pin)不得(de)超(chao)過額定參數(shu)使用。除試(shi)驗(yan)必須外，決不允許全電壓通(tong)電或斷電。
7、再升壓(ya)或耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)過(guo)程中，如發現(xian)以下不正常情況時，應(ying)立即降壓(ya)，切斷電源，停(ting)止試驗(yan)并查明原因。
⑴電壓表指針擺動(或數(shu)字跳動)很大
⑵電流表(biao)直(zhi)線上升(sheng)
被(bei)試(shi)品內(nei)有不正常(chang)的聲音
8、圖1中第9項(xiang)系(xi)壓(ya)力(li)(li)閥及壓(ya)力(li)(li)表，為長期關閉(bi)狀態。每6個(ge)月開閥一(yi)次，以(yi)檢(jian)查(cha)SF6壓(ya)力(li)(li)，應不小于(yu)0.2MPa(檢(jian)查(cha)壓(ya)力(li)(li)后立即關閉(bi)閥門)，低于(yu)0.2MPa時應加SF6氣體，以(yi)增(zeng)加氣絕緣。
9、耐(nai)壓實驗前后應(ying)測量(liang)被試設(she)備的(de)絕緣(yuan)電阻(zu)，檢查絕緣(yuan)情況。
10、當(dang)試(shi)驗變(bian)壓器長期不(bu)使用時，應放(fang)置于通風、干(gan)燥、無陽光直射的地方。
11、該產(chan)品(pin)不允許在高于45℃的(de)溫度下長期(qi)存放(fang)、使用、放(fang)氣(qi)。
12、運(yun)輸(shu)搬運(yun)途中不得重力沖擊。
13、產品緊固(gu)件及(ji)壓力(li)閥、壓力(li)表不得擅自松動(dong)。
14、使用本產品做高壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時，出熟(shu)悉本說(shuo)明(ming)書外，還必須嚴格執行國家有關標準和操作規(gui)程。可參(can)照GB311-83《高壓(ya)輸變(bian)設備的絕緣配(pei)合，高壓(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)技術(shu)》；《電氣設備預防性試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)規(gui)程》等。
五、WBYD-100KV交流耐壓變壓器容量選擇
標稱試驗變壓(ya)器容量Pn的確定公(gong)式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9
式(shi)中：
Pn——標(biao)稱試驗變壓器容(rong)量(kVA)
Vn——試驗變壓(ya)器(qi)的額定輸出高壓(ya)的有效(xiao)值(zhi)(kV)
k ——**系數。k≥1，標稱(cheng)電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標稱(cheng)電(dian)壓較低時，k值可取(qu)高一些。
Ct——被試品的(de)電容量(pF)
ω——角頻(pin)率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電(dian)源的頻(pin)率
被試設備的電容量Ct可(ke)由交流電橋測出。Ct的變化很大，
可由設備(bei)的(de)類型而定。
典(dian)型數據如下：
簡單的棒式或懸式絕緣子 幾十微(wei)法
簡單的分級套(tao)管 ; 100～1000pF
電(dian)壓互(hu)感器 200 ～ 500pF
電力變壓器 < 1000kVA ～1000pF
> 1000kVA ;1000～10000pF
高壓電(dian)力電(dian)纜和(he)油浸紙絕緣 250～300pF/m
氣體絕緣 ～60pF/m
封(feng)閉變電站，SF6氣體絕緣 100～10000Pf;
對于(yu)不同的試(shi)驗電壓(ya)Vn，選擇不同的(適當的)**系數k。
以下列出不(bu)同的Vn所選用(yong)的k值供參考。
Vn =50~100kV k = 4
Vn =150~300kV k = 3
Vn > 300kV k = 2